The artist observer of the or reconnaissance or FO (front observer) is responsible for directing artillery and mortar shells to the target, and possibly the Forward Air Controller (FAC) for air support and spotter for support of naval shots. Also known as a "Fire Support Specialist" or "FISTer", an observer usually accompanies a tank or infantry maneuver unit. Recent mission controllers for the Unmanned Air Force System (UAS) can also perform this function, and some soldiers use special artillery patrols behind enemy elements. The complainants made sure that the indirect fire hit targets the troops could not see at the fire brigade.
Video Artillery observer
Description
In general, there are two very different approaches to artillery observation. Either the observer has command authority and orders fire, including the type and amount of ammunition to be fired, to the battery. Or the observer asks for fire from a certain level artillery headquarters, which decides whether a fire will be provided, where the battery is, as well as the type and amount of ammunition to be provided. The first is characterized by Britain, the second by the United States. In World War II both Germany and the Soviet Union tended toward the British method.
Because artillery is an indirect firearm system, rare weapons in their target line of sight, often located for miles and miles away. The observer functions as a rifle's eye, by sending the target location and if necessary correction against the fall of the shot, usually by radio.
In the US System, the observer sends a request for fire, usually to his battalion or Battery Landing Center (FDC). The FDC then decides how much fire is allowed and can request additional fire from the higher artillery headquarters. FDC (s) transforms the target observer's information into firing data for battery guns.
In the British system, an observer sends a fire order to his or her and another battery authorized to them, and can request a fire from an additional battery. Each battery command post changes the fire command to the burning data for its own rifle. Until the post-World War II, observers would usually order actual burning data into his own troop rifles, this was made possible by the use of drainage on the gun.
On land, artillery observers are regarded as high priority targets by enemy forces, as they control a large number of weapons, within the visual range of the enemy, and may lie in enemy territory.
Maps Artillery observer
AS. Army/US Navy
In the US Army, the Fire Fire, Light, Heavy, or Stryker Infantry Support (FIST) Support Team consists of Fire Support Officers (FSO), Fire Support Sergeant, three Advanced Observers (FO), two Fire Support Specialists and three Telephone Radio Operator (RTO). Armist/Cavalry Fist teams usually consist of only one FSO and three enlisted personnel. The COLT Brigade team operates in groups of two individuals, Fire support specialists in E-1 to E-4 classes and Fire Support Sergeant in E-5 class. Currently in training units are beginning to include closer air support and close combat missions missions to field artillery missions.
In the US Marine Corps, scout watchers also act as a naval shot-opponent and call, observe and adjust artillery and naval support, and coordinate fire retaining assets to include mortars, rockets, artillery, NSFS, and CAS/CIFS. Firearms firms Fire Support Team usually consists of Fire Support Officer (FSO), Forward Air Controller (FAC) or Joint Terminal Attack Controller (JTAC), two scout observers (FO), and two radio operators (RO). At Weapons Company, the Fire Support Coordination Center (FSCC) determines the allocation of fire support assets for each FiST rifle company, and oversees the planning and implementation of any FiST fire support plan. Key players at the FSCC include the Fire Suppression Coordinator (FSC), Battalion Fire Officers (FSO), and Air Battalion Officers (Air-O).
British Forward Observation Officer
For centuries the Battery Commander was responsible for controlling the fire of his batteries. This was followed by the introduction of indirect fire in the early years of the 20th century. However, the First World War introduced a 24-hour battle, seven days a week. In addition, indirect fire has increased the distance between weapons and their targets, and between observers and their weapons. This led to the use of the observing officer to act on behalf of the battery commander. In 1938, the reorganization of the Royal Artillery battery was divided into troops, with the commander of the troops (Captain) as an observer in (OP). These officers and their parties can operate either as an Observation Post (OP) or accompanying the supported arm (infantry or armor) as the FOOs. During World War II it became an exercise for nearby battery back commanders to be part of the tank regiment or infantry battalion headquarters they support. They also started using 'fast-fire boats' which were usually confined to their own regiments, to support the movements of the fast-moving battalions.
Generally FOOs are assigned to companies or squadrons of their battery-backed battalions or regiments. In the British artillery system, FOO is always authorized to order fire orders to their own troops or batteries, based on their judgment of tactical situations and if necessary dealing with supported arm commanders.
From mid-World War II some artillery watchers were authorized to burn all their regiment batteries, it also became a practice for some observers to be designated as 'Commanding Officers' who could order shots into division or corps artillery. Unauthorized officers may request fire from more than their own batteries. During the war it also became the practice that FOOs set up a rapid fire consisting of several coordinated targets involved by weapons and mortars to support short offensive actions by their joint squadron or company.
In World War II OP/FOO parties are usually installed in an armored vehicle, although those assigned to support armored brigades usually have a tank. Initially Stuart but in NW Europe is usually a Sherman. Tanks continued to be used by some observers until around 1975. In 2002 the British Army adopted the term Fire Support Team (FST) for its observers, including FAC under the control of artillery officers who led the FST.
Mortar Fire Controller
A functionally similar title is "MFC" (Mortar Fire Controller). MFC is an infantry battalion that is part of its battalion mortar platoon. He controls the platoon fire in the same way as FOO. The introduction of FST put MFC under the tactical control of FST commander.
The training, enabled by the simulator, allows most of the soldiers to observe artillery fire, which has long been possible through FOO.
Air Observation Post
The Royal Flying Corps and the Royal Air Force were responsible for reporting on targets and observations of fire in World War I, the role was later called 'Arty/R, but proved difficult from high-performance aircraft over hostile areas in World War II. In 1940 it was agreed that a RAF AOP squadron equipped with light aircraft, operating at low altitudes above friendly territory and flown by Royal Artillery officers would be established. This squadron existed until the formation of the Army Air Corps in 1957.
See also
- Field artillery team
- Fire Support Team (British Army)
- Advanced air control
- Observation Balloon
Note
References
- US. Army FM 6-30
- US. Army FM 22-100
- US. Army FM 3-09.30
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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