The Land Rover Series I , II , and III (commonly referred to as series Land Rovers, to distinguish them from the next model) is an off-road vehicle manufactured by British manufacturer Rover Company inspired by US-made Jeep Willys. In 1992, Land Rover claimed that 70% of all vehicles they build are still in use.
The series model features leaf-sprung suspension with selected two or four-wheel drive (4WD); although the Phase 1 V8 version of the Series III featured a permanent 4WD. All three models can be started with a hand crank and have a take-back option for accessories.
Video Land Rover Series
Development
Land Rover was conceived by the Rover Company in 1947 during the aftermath of World War II. Before the war Rover had produced unpopular luxury cars in the immediate post-war period and raw materials were rationed strictly to companies that built construction or industrial equipment, or products that could be exported extensively to gain important foreign exchange for the country.. Also, the original Rover plant in Coventry had been bombed during the war, forcing the company to move to a large "shadow factory" built just before the war in Solihull near Birmingham, and was used to build the Bristol Hercules aircraft engine. The factory is now empty but starting car production there from scratch will not be financially feasible. Plans for small and economical cars known as Type M are made, and some prototypes are made, but will be too expensive to produce.
Maurice Wilks, chief designer of Rover came up with a plan to produce agricultural vehicles and light utilities, from concepts similar to the Jeep Willys used in the war, but with an emphasis on agricultural use. He may be inspired by Standard Motor Company, which faces similar problems and produces the highly successful Ferguson TE20 tractor at their shadow factory in Coventry. More likely, he uses his own experience using a military surplus Jeep on his farm in Anglesey, North Wales. The design adds a power take-off (PTO) feature because there is a gap in the market between the jeep and tractor (which offers features but is less flexible as a transport). The original Land Rover concept (a cross between light truck and tractor) is similar to Unimog, developed in Germany during this period.
The first prototype has a distinctive feature - the steering wheel is mounted in the center of the vehicle. This came to be known as the "steering center". It's built on a Jeep chassis and uses the engine and gearbox of the P3 Rover sedan. The bodywork is handmade from an aluminum/magnesium alloy called Birmabright , to save steel, which is rationed tightly. The color selection is dictated by the supply of military surplus cat cockpit aircraft, so the initial vehicle only comes in a variety of light green shades. The first pre-production Land Rover was being developed in late 1947 by a team led by engineer Arthur Goddard.
Tests show the prototype of this vehicle to be a capable and versatile machine. PTO drives from the front of the engine and from the gearbox to the center and rear of the vehicle make it possible to move the farm machine, just like a tractor. It was also tested plowing and performing other agricultural tasks. However, since vehicles are prepared for production, emphasis on usage such as tractors is decreasing and steering centers proved impractical to use. The steering wheel is fitted sideways as usual, the bodywork is simplified to reduce the time and cost of production and a larger engine installed, along with a transfer gearbox specially designed to replace the Jeep unit. The result is a vehicle that does not use a single Jeep component and is slightly shorter than American inspiration, but wider, heavier, faster and still maintains a PTO drive.
Land Rover is designed only to be produced for two or three years to get cash flow and export orders for Rover Company so it can restart car production in the market. Once automobile production resumed, however, it was greatly defeated by Land Rover off-road, which evolved into its own brand that remains successful today. Many of the features that define and succeed from the Land Rover design are actually the result of Rover's drive to simplify the necessary tools for the vehicle and to use the minimum amount of feedstock. As well as aluminum bodywork alloys (which have been maintained throughout production though now become more expensive than conventional steel bodies due to their ideal lightness and corrosion resistance) other examples include a typical flat body panel with only simple, constant-radius curves (originally used because they can cut and shaped by hand from aluminum sheets on the base jig) and a sturdy ladder-ladder chassis, which on Series vehicles consists of four strips of steel welded on each side to form a box, thereby reducing the elaborate welding operations required when creating a U frame -or a more conventional I-section.
Maps Land Rover Series
Series I
Land Rover entered production in 1948 with what came to be called the Series I . It was launched at the Amsterdam Motor Show. Originally designed for agriculture and light industry use, with box-section steel chassis and aluminum body.
Originally Land Rover was a single model offer, which from 1948 to 1951 used an 80-inch (2.03 m) wheelbase and a 1.6 liter petrol engine that produced about 50 bhp (37 kW, 51 PS). Four-speed gearbox from Rover P3 is used, with a new two-speed transfer box. This includes an unusual four-wheel-drive system, with a freewheel unit (as used on some Rover cars at the time). It releases the front axle of the manual transmission on the overrun, allowing permanent 4WD form. The ring-pull mechanism in the driver footwell allows the freewheel to be locked to provide a more traditional 4WD. This is a basic vehicle: the tops for doors and roof (canvas or metal) are optional additions. In 1950, the light moved from the position behind the grille to protrude through the grille.
From the beginning it was realized that some buyers wanted the ability of Land Rover without a simple interior. In 1949, Land Rover launched a second body option called "Station Wagon", which features a body built by Tickford, a coach builder known for their work with Rolls-Royce and Lagonda. The bodywork is wood-framed and has seating for seven people. Tickford is well-equipped when compared to the standard Land Rover, has leather upholstery, heater, windshield layered, tin back wheel cover, some interior trim and other options. Wood construction makes them expensive to build. The Tickford is taxed as a private car, which attracts a high rate of Tax Purchases unlike the original Land Rover. As a result, less than 700 Tickfords were sold, and all but 50 were exported.
In 1952 and 1953, a larger 2.0-liter petrol engine was installed. This machine has a Siam hole, which means there is no drainage for cooling between the cylinders. During the 1950s, an unusual semi-permanent 4WD system was replaced by a more conventional arrangement, with the drive to the front axle taken through a simple dog clutch. Around this time the legal status of Land Rover was also clarified. As mentioned above, Land Rover was originally classified as a commercial vehicle, which means free of purchase tax. However, this also means it is limited to a speed of 30 mph (48 km/h) on UK roads. After appealing to Law Lords after its owner was accused of exceeding this limit, Land Rover is classified as a "multipurpose vehicle" which is only to be classified as a commercial vehicle if used for commercial purposes.
The 1954 model brought great changes. The 80-inch (2.03 m) wheelbase model was replaced by an 86-inch (2.18 m) wheelbase model, and a pick-up version of "Pick Up" 107-inch (2.72 m) was introduced. An extra axle distance is added behind the cabin area to provide additional load space. In mid 1954 the "spread bore" gasoline engine was introduced (from the 5710xxxx engine), allowing better cooling between the cylinders. It has been introduced in Rover cars the previous year. The machine was modified again in 1955 (from machine 1706xxxxx), sometimes known as bore spreading 'then'.
September 1955 saw the introduction of the first five-door model, on a 107-inch chassis known as the "Station Wagon" with seating for up to ten people. 86-inch station wagon is three doors, seven chairs. The new station wagon is very different from the previous Tickford model, built with simple metal panels and joint rolling construction in place of the complex wooden structures of the older Station Wagon. They are intended to be used either as a commercial vehicle as a person-carrier to transport workers to remote locations, as well as by private users. Like the Tickford version, they come with basic interior trims and appliances such as roof vents and interior lights.
The Station Wagons saw the first expansion of various Land Rovers. Station Wagons is equipped with a "Safari Roof" consisting of a second leather roof mounted on top of the vehicle. This keeps the interior cool in hot weather and reduces condensation in cold weather. Ventilation installed on the roof allows added ventilation to the interior. While they are based on the same chassis and drivetrains as standard vehicles, Station Wagons carries different chassis numbers, special badging, and advertised in separate brochures. Unlike the original Station Wagon, the new in-house version is very popular.
In mid-1956, the wheelbase was extended to 2 inches (51 mm) to 88 inches (2.24 m) and 109 inches (2.77 m), and the front passenger chassis was moved one inch forward, to accommodate the new diesel. engine, became an option the following year. This change is made for all models with the exception of Station Wagon 107, which will never be equipped with a diesel engine, and will eventually become the last series I in production. These dimensions will be used in all Land Rovers over the next 25 years.
In 1957, a new 2.0-liter diesel engine was introduced, although the capacity was similar, unrelated to the used gasoline engine. The gasoline engine at the time used a rather outdated inlet-over-exhaust valve setting; diesel using a more modern overhead valve layout. This diesel engine is one of the first high-speed diesels developed for road use, producing 52 hp (39 kW) at 4,000 rpm.
Series II
The successful successor of Series I is the Series II , which saw production run from 1958 to 1961. It came in 88 at (2,200 mm) and 109 in (2,800 mm) wheelbases (commonly referred to as 'SWB' and 'LWB'). This is the first Land Rover to be noticed by the styling department of Rover - Chief Stylist David Bache produces a familiar 'barrel side' waist to cover the wider vehicle path and enhanced design of the truck cabin variant, introduces curved side windows and rounded roofs still in use on the current Land Rovers. The Series II is the first vehicle to use the well-known 2.25 liter gasoline engine, although the first 1,500 or shorter wheelbase (SWB) model retains the 2.0 liter (39 kW) 2.0 liter petrol engine of the Series I. This larger gasoline engine produces 72 hp (54 kW) and is closely related to the 2.0 liter diesel unit still in use. This machine became the standard Land Rover unit until the mid-1980s when diesel engines became more popular.
Series II Station Wagon 109-inch (2,800 mm) introduces a twelve-seat option above the standard ten-seat layout. This is primarily to take advantage of the UK tax law, in which vehicles with 12 seats or more are classified as buses, and exempt from the Special Vehicle Purchase and Tax Tax. This makes the twelve seats not only cheaper to buy than the 10 seat version, but also cheaper than the 88-inch Wagon Station (2,200 mm). The twelve-seat layout has remained a very popular body style for decades, retained in the next Series and Defender variants until 2002, when dropped. The unusual status of the twelve seats remains to the end - the vehicles are classified as minibuses and thus may use bus lanes and (if registered properly) may be exempt from London Congestion Charge.
There are several levels of over-lap between Series I and Series II production. Early Series II 88-inch (2,200 mm) vehicle equipped with a 2-liter petrol engine to use the existing stock of the Series I production. 107-inch (2.700 mm) Station Wagon continued until late 1959 due to the ongoing demand of export markets and enabling the production of Series II components to reach full level.
Series IIA
SII and SIIA are very difficult to distinguish. There are some minor cosmetic changes, but the most significant change is under the bonnet under the guise of a new 2.25 liter diesel engine. Body configurations available from the factory range from soft-top short-wheelbase to top-of-the-line five-door station carts. In 1967 the 2.6-liter six-cylinder inline petrol engine was introduced for the long wheelbase model, which also had a servo-assisted brake. 811 of them are NADA trucks (or North American Dollar Area), which is the only long wheelbase model made for the American and Canadian markets.
From February 1969 (home market), the headlights moved to the wings on all models, and the redesigned threshold panel became shallower a few months later.
The IIA Series is considered by many of the most powerful Series models built. It is also possible that the classic Land Rover type greatly enhances public perception of Land Rover, from its many appearances in popular films and television documentaries set in Africa during the 1960s, such as Born Free. In February 1968, just months after its manufacturer was put, under government pressure, to Leyland Motor Corporation, Land Rover celebrated its twentieth birthday, with total production to date less than 600,000, of which more than 70% have been exported. Of course while Series IIA is in production that Land Rovers' utility sales peaked, in 1969-70, when sales of more than 60,000 Land Rovers per year were recorded. (In comparison, Defenders' sales in recent years have been around 25,000 levels since the 1990s.) As well as record sales, Land Rover dominates many world markets - in Australia in the 1960s Land Rover held 90% of 4 â € " "4 markets. This number is repeated in many countries in Africa and the Middle East.
Forward Control Series IIA
The Series IIA FC launched in 1962 is based on a 2.25 liter IIA Series gasoline engine and a 109 Â ° (2,769 mm) chassis, with cabins placed on top of the engine to provide more space. The export vehicle is the first Land-Rover to get a 2.6 liter petrol engine. Most examples have an ENV (heavy duty) rear axle, a suitable front axis coming later. The tires were large 900ÃÆ'â € "16 on the rim of the wheel in a dish to spread the weight of this heavy vehicle. This vehicle is somewhat less powerful for increased load capacity (1.5 ton long or 1,500 kg), and most have a tough working life. Less than 2,500 are made, and most have utility bodies, but survival examples often have custom bodywork. With an enhanced powertrain, they can be used as a small motor.
Series IIB Advanced Controls
The Series IIB FC produced from 1966 is similar to the IIA Forward Control Series but adds a 2.25 liter diesel engine as an option. The 2.25 liter engine is the standard engine for this model, the 2.6 liter engine is only available for export.
Heavy-duty slabs (designed by ENV) are mounted to improve vehicle stability, such as a reverse anti-roll bar and revised rear springs mounted above the axle and not below it. In the process, the wheelbase was upgraded to 110 in (2,794 mm). Production ended in 1974 when Land-Rover rationalized its vehicle range. Many of the IIB components are also used on "1 Ton" 109 in the vehicle.
Series III
Series III has the same body and engine options as the previous IIa, including the station wagon and the 1 Ton version. Slightly cosmetically changed from IIA to Series III . Series III is the most common Series vehicle, with 440,000 types built from 1971 to 1985. The headlights are moved to the wings on the final production IIA model from 1968/9 onwards (as if complying with Australian, American and Dutch lighting rules)) and remain in this position for the Series III. Traditional metal grilles, featured on Series I, II and IIA, are replaced with plastic ones for the Series III models. The 2.25 liter engine has increased compression from 7: 1 to 8: 1, increasing power slightly (high compression engine has been an optional option on IIa model for several years). During the Series III production lasted from 1971 to 1985, the Land Rover 1,000,000 rolled off the production line in 1976. Series III saw many changes at the end of its life as Land Rover updated its design to meet the increasing competition. This is the first model featuring synchromesh on all four gears, although some SIIA models of the H-end endings (especially the more expensive Station Wagons) have used the all-synchro box. In keeping with the early 1970s trends in automotive interior design, both in the safety and use of more advanced materials, the simple metal dashboard of the previous model was redesigned to receive a new molded plastic dashboard. The instrument group, previously located centrally, was transferred to the driver's side. The Long-wheelbase Series III vehicle has a Salisbury rear axle (differential housing and one-piece axle) as standard, although some 109-inch (2,800 mm) SIIA end vehicles also have it.
In 1980, the 2.25 liter petrol and diesel engines received five main bearing crankshafts to improve rigidity and transmission, axle and reinforced wheel hubs. This is the culmination of a series of updates on transmissions that have been made since the 1960s to address the general problem of axis rear axle rear ends in heavy use. This problem is partly due to the pivot design itself. Due to the fully floating rear floating hub design, the half shaft can be removed very quickly without having to push the vehicle off the ground. The tendency of commercial operators to burden their vehicles exacerbates this shortage that damages the Land Rover Series in many of their export markets and builds a continuing reputation in many markets to date. This despite the 1982 redesign (especially improved driving-splines from 10 to 24 to reduce stress) that all but solve the problem.
Also, new trim options are introduced to make the interior more comfortable if buyers want (many farmers and commercial users prefer the original interior, which is not trimmed).
This change culminated in April 1982 with the introduction of the "County" specification. Station Wagon Land Rover, available in 88-inch (2,200 mm) and 109-inch (2,800 mm) types. These all have new fabric chairs from Leyland T-45 Lorry, silencers, colored glass and other "soft" options designed to attract recreational owners/users.
More interesting is the introduction of High Capacity Pick Up to a 109 inch (2,800 mm) chassis. This is a load bay pick-up truck that offers 25% more cubic capacity than the standard pick-up style. HCPU comes with heavy duty suspension and is popular in public utility companies and building contractors.
Stage One V8
From 1979 to 1985, Phase 1 was built using some of the same components as the Range Rover and 101 Forward Control, such as the LT95 gearbox and 3.5-liter Rover V8 petrol engine. The engine has been released to 91 hp (68 kW) from 135BHP Range Rover contemporary.
Phase 1 is usually only available in the 109-inch LWB (2.800 mm) but 24 examples are made with SWB 88 wheelbase in distance (2.235 mm).
"Phase 1" refers to the first phase of investment by the British Government in the company to increase its Land Rover and Range Rover product offerings, which eventually leads to Land Rover 90 and 110. The use of Range Rover engine and drive train makes it the only Series III vehicle that has permanent four wheel drive.
1 Ton 109 inches
The 1 Ton 109 inches produced 1968-1977, covering the final IIA and Series III Models. It is basically a Forward IIB Control built with a standard 109-inch body, featuring a 2.6-liter gasoline engine, a lower-ratio gearbox, front and rear axles ENV, (front and rear Salisbury in the next Series III) although some of the final IIAs are equipped with Axis ENV in front and Salisbury in back. Then the IIIs series has a Rover-type front axle with an uprated differential. The unique chassis frame for model and drop-shackle suspension features is similar to the Land Rovers military series. The 900x16 tire is a standard feature and this machine is commonly used by utility companies and breakdown/recovery companies. Only 170 IIA and 238 Series III (1 Ton) are built for the domestic market. The export market even has few examples, making it one of the rarest Land-Rover types ever built.
Australia
Australia has always been an important export market for Land Rover from various models, but especially the utility model. The 80-inch Series-I model was sold to the Australian government in the late 1940s to work on civil engineering projects such as dams and road construction, which brought vehicles to attract public attention. Big sales followed and in 1950 Land Rover established a factory in Australia to build a CKD kit that was shipped from the Solihull plant. Land Rover continued to sell well during the 1960s in the form of the Series II, controlling 90% off-road market, and almost every farm has at least one Land Rover.
Series III continued this success in the early 1970s, but since the mid-decade sales have declined. The large coal export deal to Japan relies on imports of Japanese cars and other goods, a combination of this increasing competition and the worse quality of components shipped from the UK mean the Land Rover dominance is slipping. A special problem for Australia is the newly-restricted Land Rover inventory. The Leyland plant has never had the capacity to meet the possible demand and the need to import almost all vehicles in the form of kits from the UK limiting supply and further manufacturing processes. This led to a long-awaited waiting list for Leyland products while commercial operators were able to receive large fleets of Japanese vehicles very quickly. Other problems that Land Rover encounters are the same throughout the export market - compared to Japanese competition, Land Rover is less powerful, unreliable and slow with poor driving quality, even though their off-road capabilities are superior. The low-quality stainless steel and steel used in comparison to Japanese vehicles deflected the buyers in large quantities and in 1983, with the introduction of the Ten, Toyota Land Cruiser became the best-selling 4ÃÆ' â € "4 in Australia.
In the early 1980s, Land Rover Australia had made some changes to the vehicle to try to combat this sales decline. As well as installing the V8 petrol engine in 1979 "Stage One", as worldwide, Australia also received the same vehicle with a 3.9-liter 97-hp (72-kW) four-cylinder Isuzu diesel engine (4BD1) option. It was introduced in 1982, and is intended to complement approximately ten percent of Australian production. The highest speed is 77 mph (124 km/h). This helped slow down sales declines, but the rest of the lack of vehicles let it down. The One Ten is also available with this engine, and a turbocharged version that produces more than 100 horsepower (75 kW) is supported by military 6ÃÆ' â € "6.
South Africa
South Africa's relationship with Land Rover began in 1949 when the first 80-inch Series I model was sold in South Africa. In August 1950, Car Distributors Assembly (Pty) Ltd collected the first Land Rover CKD in Port Elizabeth, South Africa. The first local production of fuel tanks and chassis at the Port Elizabeth plant was announced in August 1963 and since then local content in Land Rovers production has risen steadily to 44% of vehicle weight in 1972. Local content includes: chassis, springs, body, tire, seat frame and upholstery, battery, fiberglass roof and all glass. In 1974 Leyland SA had 3 assembly plants. Local content increased further in 1980 with a model IIIS Series equipped with locally produced diesel (R6) and diesel (ADE 236) engines. In 1992 the Blackheath plant in Cape Province was identified as the largest Land Rover CKD assembly outside the UK.
Military
United Kingdom
The British Army used the Land Rover Series in large numbers (and continue to use modern defenders' versions). The British Army tested the 80-inch Land Rover Series I (2.03 m) almost immediately after its launch in 1948. At that time, the Army was more interested in developing a custom-designed military utility 4ÃÆ' â € "4 (Austin Champ). However, Champ proved too complicated, heavy, and unreliable in battlefield conditions so the Army looked to Land Rover. In the late 1940s, the Ministry of Defense was interested in the standardization of vehicles and equipment. Part of this plan is to install the Rolls-Royce gasoline engine to all of its vehicles (although most are not actually built by R-R). One set of Series I Land Rover is equipped with a Rolls-Royce B40 four-cylinder engine, which requires modifications to an 81-inch (2.06 m) wheelbase. However, the engine is too heavy and slow, which inhibits performance and produces torque that can only be handled by the Rover gearbox. Rover assures MOD that, considering the amount of Land Rover they consider to be booked, that a standard 1.6 liter engine is enough. MOD began ordering Land Rover in batches from late 1949. The initial batch was for 50 vehicles, but by the mid 1950s the Army bought the Land Rover 200 vehicles at a time.
Land Rover was deployed to the Korean War and Suez Crisis, and became a standard mild military vehicle throughout the Commonwealth.
However, as the 1960s flourished, more and more specialized versions were developed. As well as the standard 'GS' (General Service) vehicles, the common variant is' FFR '(Fitted for Radio', which has 24 volt electricity and large engine-powered generators to power on-board radios as well as Ambulances on a 109-inch chassis (2 , 77 m) Series II and III Series. The famous version is the LRDPV (Long-Range Desert Patrol Vehicle), commonly called the 'Pink Panther', because their distinctive light camouflage pink sand Series II (2.77 mtik) II- 108 was modified by Marshall's Cambridge with stripped doors and window panes and equipped with grenade launchers, engine gun rings and long-term fuel tanks and water tanks used by SAS for desert patrols and special operations.
By the late 1970s, the British Army had acquired about 9,000 Series III models, primarily a special version of Soft-Top (Soft) 109-inch (2.77 m) Soft-Top (Soft) Specific Duty. These models have improved different suspension components and cross-member chassis designs. It is manufactured in 12-volt 'GS' models and 24-volt 'FFR' versions. A small number are 88-inch (2.24 m) GS and FFR models, but in general the Army uses a 1/2 ton, 88-inch (2.24 m) Air-Portable version. The Lightweight is served by many soldiers around the world. In Europe also the Royal Netherlands and Danish Army forces use Lightweight Light-Rover. Instead of gasoline engines, Dutch and Danish Lightweights have diesel engines. Instead of a canvas over the Dutch people have a PVC peak like the modern Land Rover 'Wolf'.
In addition, there is also a 101-inch Forward Control (2.57 m) model, a 109-inch (2.77 m) FV18067 ambulance built by Marshall Aerospace of Cambridge.
Royal Navy and Royal Air Force also acquired and retained a smaller Land Rover fleet during the 1960s and 1970s. The RAF uses an 88-inch (2.24 m) model for communications, connecting, transport personnel and air tractor tasks. The Royal Navy's fleet, understandable, is small and mainly consists of GS-spec and Station Wagon versions for personnel and cargo transport.
All British military Land Rovers use a 2.25 liter two-cylinder gasoline engine, except for forward control 101 that uses a 3.5-liter Rover V8 engine. However, some overseas customers (such as the Netherlands) assign a 2.25 liter diesel unit instead.
Land Rover also became the base for the Shorland Internal Security Patrol Vehicle developed by Short Brothers.
Australia
Series made in Australia 1, 2, 2A and 3 are widely used by the Australian Army, Australian Navy and Australian Air Force. Most are GS (General Service) mobility vehicles with variants built as Remote Patrol Vehicles, ambulances, command watch cars, fire brigades and ceremonial vehicles.
The first was sent to the Army in 1948 and the 1st series gradually replaced World War II era Austin Champs and Jeeps. Series 2 was introduced in 1958, 2a in 1963 and series 3 in 1973. 72 of the 2 series were installed as an anti-tank "rifle" with a 106mm absorption rifle.
Land Rover Perentie, generally regarded as a military variant of the Land Rover Defender, was introduced in 1987, 3 years before the Defender was named in 1990. More than 2,500 four-wheeled vehicles and 400 six wheel drives remain in operation.
New Zealand
The New Zealand Army bought 640 series 1 made in Australia between 1951-1953. A number of similar series 2 were purchased in 1959-1962 and a small batch of 2A series in 1965-1967. New Zealand purchased a small number of used 2nd and 2A Australian series vehicles in 1971-1972, out of the pool used by ANZUK troops in Singapore, usually re-manufactured by BLMC NZ Ltd in Wellington and therefore bringing New Zealand to build dishes. This is commonly called Land Rover "Skippy" and typical with different cutting guards. 566 of the series 3, mostly 109 "V8.s, purchased in 1982-83.Runs-rovers gradually removed from New Zealand services in 2007/2008 when they were replaced by 321 Pinzgauer High-Mobility All-Terrain Vehicles.
Minerva
Minerva from Belgium produced the Standard Vanguard version, under license from Standard Motor Company. When the Belgian army needed a 4 Ã- 4 light vehicle, the head of Minerva, Monsieur van Roggen approached Rover in the spring of 1951. On June 21, Rover found that they were competing against Willys Jeep for a contract. In October 1951, the deal was approved and in 1952, Minerva-Land Rover was produced. The 80 "and 86" models were made until production ended in 1956.
The Rover Company provides technical support to Minerva and allows Minerva to produce Land Rover under license. Arthur Goddard, Chief Assistant Engineer Rover and head of Land Rover development are responsible for approving the changes Minerva wants to make to Land Rover and arranging the factory to assemble the vehicle.
Santana
Santana Motor S.A. is a Spanish car manufacturer based in Linares, in the province of JaÃÆ'nà © n, Spain.
The company was founded as "MetalÃÆ'ºrgica de Santa Ana, SA" and originally producing agricultural equipment. The company was founded with only started 3 million pesetas, following a boost by the Spanish government in 1954 that offered incentives to start local businesses to foster development in the Andalucia region of Southern Spain. The Company decided to expand its original product range and hold talks with Rover's car company in 1956 in an effort to obtain a license agreement to build a Land Rover Series model at their plant, in a similar way to the Minerva company in Belgium, Tempo in Germany and the Morattab company in Iran, all built the Land Rover Series under license. The agreement was reached in 1956 and production began in 1958 it was licensed to build a Land Rover model. Santana Motor Company built the Land Rover Series under license in the form of CKD (Complete Knocked Down kits); Basically parts shipped from the Land Rover plant in Solihull and Land Rover were built from this 'kit' at the Santana plant in Spain.
From 1968 Santana began developing its own version of the Land Rover Series Model, developing new machines and new models and a close relationship with Land Rover leading the company to change its name from "MetalÃÆ'ºrgica de Santa Ana, SA" to "Land Rover Santana, SA ".
In 1962, the company became responsible for promoting Santana and Land Rover brands in Central and South American Markets as well as Africa. The CKD kit is also supplied to the Moroccan and Costa Rican markets by the company. Because the hard-working life vehicles survive in this environment, customer feedback in the range means Santana is often much more aware of the failure of each model than the Land Rover company itself. Due to the tight financial position in the British Leyland period (which owns Land Rover), Santana is often better than Land Rover is to deal with this failure. This means that Santana began designing his own solutions to common problems into the resulting model and thus the Santana model deviates from the original Land Rover product. Until the late 1980s, Santana models - supposedly being the fastest and cheapest version of Land Rover products - often ended up very different from the Land Rover vehicles themselves. For example Santana models featuring anatomical seats, disc brakes, turbo diesel engines, taper leaf springs, coil springs, and advanced Civil Defense control versions before Land Rover are equivalent and there is even a civil version of Land Rover Lighter called "Ligero" which is never released by Land Rover.
The Santana Motor Company terminated its agreement with Land Rover in 1983 but continues to develop its own vehicles that are visually similar to the Land Rover series and the Defender range.
The later Santana vehicle (non Suzuki is licensed) is the development of emerging chassis Series - PS-10 and Iveco Massif. Poor sales, quality issues, and Fiat/Iveco merger with Chrysler that owns the Jeep that led to the end of Iveco Massif production by Santana, put the company out of business in 2011.
See also
- Austin Gipsy
- Jeep CJ
- Light Utility Vehicle
- Toyota Land Cruiser
References
External links
- Land Rover International official website
- Land Rover USA Official Website
- Land Rover MENA Website
- Land Rover in Curlie (based on DMOZ)
- Land Rover Club in Curlie (based on DMOZ)
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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