Dragunov sniper rifle (formal Russian: ??????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 1963 ???? Snayperskaya Vintovka sistem'y Dragunova obraz'tsa 1963 goda (SVD-63), officially "Sniper Rifle, Dragunov System, Model Year 1963 ") is a semi-automatic sniper/designated sniper, marching at 7.62ÃÆ' â €" 54mmR and developed in the Soviet Union.
The Dragunov was designed as a supporting weapon of the squad since, according to Soviet and Soviet military doctrine derived, the ability of long-distance engagement is lost to ordinary troops when light machine guns and assault rifles (which are optimized for melee and medium range), fast-fire battles) are adopted. For that reason, originally named ???????????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ??????? 1963 ???? "Self-Loading Rifle, Dragunov System, Model Year 1963".
It was chosen as a contest winner that includes three competing designs: by Sergei Simonov, Aleksandr Konstantinov and Yevgeny Dragunov. Extensive field testing of rifles conducted under various environmental conditions resulted in Dragunov's proposal being accepted in service in 1963. The initial pre-production batch consisting of 200 rifles assembled for evaluation purposes, and from 1964 serial production was carried out by Izhmash, later called Kalashnikov Concern.
Since then, Dragunov has been the standard army support weapon of several countries, including from the Warsaw Pact earlier. China, while having produced unlicensed SVD copies through reverse engineering samples taken from the Vietnam-Vietnam War as Types 79 and 85, was never officially purchased or provided by the Soviet SVD Dragunov, as the Sino-Soviet split had taken place. when the SVD entered the service and tense relations between the two, halting military cooperation and further assistance. Iran also produced an imitation as Nakhjir 3 (as a direct copy of Chinese Type 79).
Video Dragunov (SVD-63) sniper rifle
Design details
Operating mechanism
Dragunov is a gas-operated semi-automatic rifle with a short-stroke gas-piston system. The barrel breech is locked through a rotating bolt (left rotation) and uses three locking lugs to engage the appropriate locking niches in the barrel extension. The rifle has a two-position manual gas regulator. A gas regulator measures the portion of the combustion gases that are put into action to swing the weapon and adjust the reverse rate of the piston-gas system. Gas regulators can be adjusted with the help of cartridge rims. Normal position # 1 leaves a runaway gas port opened in the form of a hole that allows some combustion gasses to escape during cycling. Position # 2 closes the gas breakout port and directs the extra combustion gas to the piston thus increasing the speed of the gas-piston re-flowing system and feeling the recoil. This is used for unreliable rifle cycles due to carbon fouling build-up at gas ports, when shooting at elevated or extreme high altitudes or using low-powered ammunition.
After removing the last cartridge from the magazine, the bolt carrier and bolts are held back on the released bolt hooks by pulling the hammer to the back. The rifle has a hammer type hammer mechanism and manual lever safety selector. The ignition pin is a "free-floating" type and, as a result, some soft-paced ammunition has a reputation for causing "slam fire" events. Thus, military class ammunition with a confirmed primary to sit correctly is recommended for Dragunov and its variants. This seems to have solved the problem of "slam fire". The gun receiver is machined to provide additional accuracy and torsional strength. Dragunov's recipients have some similarities to the AK action, such as large dust cover, iron sights and lever safety selector, but this similarity is primarily cosmetic. This cosmetic similarity can lead to incorrect grouping of Dragunov as an AK variant.
Barrel
The barrel profile is relatively thin to save weight and ends with a placed flash suppressor. The hole is coated with chrome to increase corrosion resistance, and has 4 right hand grooves. It is not deprived over a full length but it is more than 547 mm (21.5 inches) long. In the 1960s, the rotational speed was 320 mm (1: 12.6 in). During the 1970s, the turnover rate was increased to 240 mm (1: 9.4 in), which reduced the fire accuracy with the sniper cartridges by 19%. This adaptation is done to facilitate the use of combustible ammunition and armor shielding, as this type of bullet requires a faster spin speed for adequate stabilization. The muzzle is fitted with a permanently mounted, permanently mounted, permanently mounted, permanently lug front and bayonet lug pinned to the end of the barrel.
Ammunition feed
The weapon is fed from a removable curved box magazine with 10-turn capacity and cartridges stacked double in a staggered zigzag pattern.
Views
The rifle is equipped with mechanically adjustable features, with a rear tangent view (sight can be adjusted up to a maximum range of 1,200 m (1,312 yd)). The iron view can be used with or without standard optical view problems in place. This is possible because the scope mount does not block the area between the front and rear views.
Dragunov is removed with optically removable PSO-1 optical vision. The vision of PSO-1 (at a total length of 375 mm with lens cover and sun shield, 4ÃÆ'â € "magnification and 6Ã, Â ° field of view) rises to the ownership side of the Warsaw Rail Pact which does not obstruct the view of the iron line view. The PSO-1 vision includes features such as the fallout bullet level elevation (BDC) and lighted flame rangefinder that can be used up to 1,000 m (1,094 yd), a reticle that allows target acquisition in low light conditions as well as an infrared charging screen used as a detection system passive. Current vision version is PSO-1M2. This telescopic sight differs from the original PSO-1 simply because it lacks an outdated Infra-Red detector. The vision of PSO-1 allows the target area to be involved in a range over 1,300 m (1,422 yd); the effective range in combat situations has been expressed between 600 to 1,300 m (656 to 1,422 yd), depending on the nature of the target (point or target area) of the quality of ammunition and the shooter's skills.
Several alternative military military telescope issues with varying degrees of magnification and reticle available to Dragunov. The designated rifle SVDN is equipped with night view, such as NSP-3, NSPU, PGN-1, NSPUM or passive Polish passport-5. The designated rifle SVDN-1 can use the NSPU-3 passive night vision (1PN51) and the designated rifle SVDN2 can use NSPUM passive night vision (1PN58).
Non-military commercial mounts mounted on the Warsaw Pact Rail rail allow the use of Picatinny-based optical rails.
Stock
The Dragunov has a laminated, two-piece wooden tube/tube wooden tube cover and a stock of skeleton wooden thumbs up with removable cheek rest; the latter deleted while using the iron view. Newer production models feature synthetic furniture made of black polymers - hand protection and gas cylinder coverings are more or less identical in appearance, while thumb stocks have different shapes.
The floating semi-free barrel, because it is connected by the spring mechanism to the handguard/gas tube cover so that the handguard can move with the barrel during firing.
Ammunition
For precision photography, specially designed sniper cartridges are developed, developed by V. M. Sabelnikov, P. P. Sazonov and V. M. Dvorianinov. Exclusive 7N1 loads have steel-jacketed projectiles with air pockets, steel cores and lead taps on the base for maximum terminal effects. The 7N1 was replaced in 1999 by 7N14 rounds. 7N14 is a new load developed for SVD. It consists of 151 grains of projectiles that move at the same 830 m/s, but has sharp sharp core steel projectiles. The rifle can also fire standard ammunition 7,62ÃÆ' â € "54mmR with conventional firing spindle, tracker or penetrating shield.
The Russian military has set accuracy standards to be met by SVD and related sniper ammunition. Manufacturers must conduct a firing test to check whether sniper rifles and ammunition meet this standard. To comply with the standard, a SVD rifle with a 7N1 sniper bullet may not produce more than 1.24 extreme MOA vertical margins with 240.4 mm barrel rotation and no more than 1.04 MOA extreme vertical deployment with acceleration barrels of 320 mm. When using standard 57-N-323S standard cartridges, SVD accuracy is reduced to 2.21 MOA extreme vertical spread. Extreme vertical spreads for SVD are defined by shooting a 5-shot group at 300 m. Required accuracy requirements from SVD with sniper grade ammunition are similar to American M24 Sniper Weapon System with M118SB cartridges (1.18 MOA extreme vertical spread) and M110 Semi-Automatic Sniper System with M118LR ammunition (1.27 MOA extreme vertical spread).
Accessories
A number of accessories are provided with rifles, including knife-type bayonets (AKM cutting points or AK-74 spearheads), four backup magazines, leather or nylon, magazine pouches, cleaning tools and accessory/maintenance kits for telescopic viewing. Also includes cold weather battery casing with "clip shirts", with permanently attached cable [approx 24 "long] ends with other battery capital caps that have extensions to push internal contacts instead of batteries to complete Circuit Placing external batteries into clothing shooter 'close to the body guarding it from freezing, using clip ensuring it remains in place Bipod clamp style attached to the relief of the machine near the front of the receiver, literally grab two cut-out areas and secure mounts with large round heads on attached bolt clamp The legs can be individually adjusted (as opposed to the fixed length found on many rifles and LMGs) and can be folded and stored in a forward position negating the need to remove the bipod before placing the rifle into a canvas bag, which is quite interesting, both legs are held tightly with a "J" shaped curler mpel on one leg and swing. g on the other foot. Original Soviet SVD/Russian SVD take a very high price when they rarely appear on the market.
Maps Dragunov (SVD-63) sniper rifle
Variant
In the early 1990s, a concise variant of SVD designed for infantry in the air was introduced, known as SVDS (Russian: ????????????????? ????????????, short for Snayperskaya Vintovka Dragunova Skladnaya , "Dragunov Sniper Rifle with folding stock"), which comes with a tubular metal supply that folds to the right side of the receiver (equipped with a synthetic shoulder pad and flat fixed cheek) and a synthetic gun handle. The barrel is also given a heavier profile, amplified housing receiver, improved gas cylinder block and porting, a cone-shaped flash buffer is adopted.
SVDS is also present in the designated night-enabled variant SVDSN .
In 1994, Russian company TsKIB SOO (currently, a division of the KBP Instrument Design Bureau) developed a sniper rifle SVU (short for Snayperskaya Vintovka Ukorochennaya , "Sniper Rifle, Shortened" ) was offered to a special unit of the Russian Ministry of Interior (MVD).
SVU, compared to SVD, has a much shorter overall length due to the bullpup layout and the short barrel which also receives triple-baffle muzzle brakes with approximately. 40% effectiveness of reverse reduction. The rifle is equipped with a view of folding iron (a rear aperture view in a rotating drum) and a telescopic view of PSO-1.
The variant of SVU, designed with fire-selective capabilities and using 20-round magazines, is called SVU-A (A - Avtomaticheskaya ).
The SVDK is a Russian SVD variant provided for the 9.3ÃÆ' â € "64mm 7N33 cartridges. SVDK is mechanically adjusted to use the larger 9.21-dimension Brenneke 9.1-dimensional Brenneke cartridge.
In 1998, Poland adopted a modern variant of the designated SVD SWD-M , which used a heavy barrel, bipod (telephoned to the forearm) and LD-6 (6ÃÆ'â € "42) telescopic.
Another variant of the SVD is Iraq Al-Kadesih . The 7.62ÃÆ' â € "54mmR Al-Kadesih rifle does not have to be equated with the 7.62mm Iraq Tabak sniper rifle. Al-Kadesih, while cosmetically similar to SVD, is basically a hybrid of the SVD and Romanian racers PSL and has some key differences with the SVD that prevents the exchange of parts between two rifles. Al-Kadesih has a unique metal-tap receiver that is longer than SVD, although the overall length of the rifle is similar to SVD. This is suitable for Soviet-era Soviet-era PSO-1 optics. Furthermore, the barrel is pinned, rather than screwed, to the receiver, although the length is the same as the SVD. The front end has four longitudinal slots on each side instead of six short slots. Another distinguishing feature that can be seen from Al-Kadesih is that the magazine has an ornamental relief pattern that shows a stylish palm tree.
Commercial variant
Dragunov is also used as a base for several hunting rifles. In 1962, the state weapons warehouse in Izhevsk developed the Medved gun, initially silenced first in a cartridge of 9ÃÆ' â € "53mm and then at 7.62ÃÆ'â €" 51mm NATO round for export. In the early 1970s, Izhevsk introduced the Tigr hunting rifle (Tiger) with a stock of thumb holes without cheekpiece. They were originally produced individually, but, since 1992, they have been serialized in batches. Today, they are available with length (520 mm) and full length (620 mm) barrels, different stocks (including SVDS folding styles) and booths at 7.62ÃÆ' â € "54mmR,.308 Winchester,.30-06 Springfield or 9..3 Brenneke 64mm.
Implementation
The Dragunov is an original gun design for several reasons. First, it is not meant for highly trained and specialized sniper teams, but rather for designated marksmen. After the introduction of the SVD, the Soviet Army deployed the designated shooter at the ground level of the motor gun platoon. The designated marksmen were often chosen from well-performing personnel in the case of sniper rifles when members of DOSAAF. The markmen are estimated to have a 50% probability of reaching the target, standing human-sized at 800 m (875 yd), and possibly 80% of hitting stands, man-size targets at 500 m (547 yd). For distances not exceeding 200 m (219 cm), the probability is estimated to be well above 90%. To achieve this level of accuracy, snipers can not use more than two targets per minute.
After the rifle was produced in sufficient quantities each platoon of the Warsaw Pact's forces included at least one Dragunov rifle sharpshooter. In the German Democratic Republic's own arsenal, there are nearly 2,000 Dragunov rifles. In the formation of Warsaw Pact troops, Dragunov marksmen are widespread among regular units. To fulfill this role, SVD is relatively light for a sniper rifle, but balanced, making it easier to use in dynamic combat. It is also semi-automatic, a trait shared with the German Heckler & amp; Koch PSG1 and US M21, thus allowing faster fires and faster engagement of multiple targets. As with all precision-oriented rifles, users must be careful not to overheat and limit the use of rapid fire. To fire effective API ammunition, its accuracy potential is slightly lowered by shortening the rotation rate, another unusual priority for pure sniper rifles. It has a relatively lightweight barrel profile; His accuracy is good, but not remarkable. Like an infantry rifle, there are mounts in the barrel to fix the bayonet. Standard AKM Bayonets can even be used to cut the electrified wire. Finally, the rifle was intended to be a relatively cheap mass-produced weapon.
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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