Infrared forward cameras ( FLIR ), commonly used on military and civilian aircraft, use thermographic cameras that detect infrared radiation.
Sensors mounted on the infrared cameras to the front, as well as other hot imaging cameras, use infrared radiation detection, usually emitted from heat sources (thermal radiation), to create images strung together for video output.
They can be used to help pilots and drivers drive their vehicles at night and in fog, or to detect warm objects with a colder background. The infrared wavelength detected by the thermal imaging camera is 3 to 12 m and very different from night vision, operating in visible light and near-infrared range (0.4 to 1.0 Ã,? M).
Video Forward-looking infrared
Design
Infrared light falls into two basic ranges: long wave and medium wave . The wavelength infrared camera (LWIR), sometimes called "far-infrared", operates at 8 to 12 m and can see heat sources, such as hot engine parts or human body heat, several kilometers away. Distance vision is made more difficult with LWIR because infrared light is absorbed, dispersed, and refracted by air and by water vapor.
Some longwave cameras require the detector to be cryogenically cooled, usually for a few minutes before use, although some rather sensitive infrared cameras do not require this. Many thermal imagers, including some infrared cameras forward (such as some LWIR Enhanced Vision Systems (EVS)) are also not equipped.
Medium-wave (MWIR) cameras operate in the 3-5Ã? m. This can be seen almost as well, because the frequency is less affected by moisture absorption, but generally requires more expensive sensor arrangements, along with cryogenic cooling.
Many camera systems use digital image processing to improve image quality. Array of infrared imaging sensors often has a very inconsistent sensitivity from pixel to pixel, due to limitations in the manufacturing process. To counter this, the response of each pixel is measured at the factory, and the transformation, most often linear, maps the measured input signal to the output level.
Some companies offer advanced "fusion" technologies that integrate visible spectrum images with infrared spectrum images to produce better results than just a single spectrum image.
Maps Forward-looking infrared
Properties
Thermal imaging cameras, such as the AN/AAQ-26 Raytheon, are used in a variety of applications, including naval vessels, fixed wing aircraft, helicopters, and armored fighting vehicles.
In battle, they have three distinct advantages over other imaging technologies:
- The imager itself is almost impossible to detect enemies, as it detects the energy emitted from the target rather than sending energy reflected from the target, such as radar or sonar.
- He sees radiation in the infrared spectrum, which is difficult to disguise.
- This camera system can see through smog, fog, fog, and other atmospheric blurring better than visible light cameras.
The origin of the term
The term "looking forward" is used to distinguish future fixed-front imaging systems from side-track infrared systems, also known as "sweepstakes" imagers, and other thermal imaging systems such as imaging systems installed in dreadlocks, hand-held imaging systems and the like. The pushbroom system is commonly used on airplanes and satellites.
Side tracker imagers typically involve a one-dimensional pixel array (1D), which uses the motion of a plane or satellite to move the 1D array view on the ground to build 2D imagery over time. Such a system can not be used for real-time imagery and should be visible perpendicular to the direction of travel.
History
In 1956, Texas Instruments began research on infrared technology that led to several contracts of line scanners and, with the addition of a second scanner mirror, the invention of the first infrared camera to the front in 1963, with production beginning in 1966. In 1972, IT created the concept of a Module General, greatly reduces costs and allows the reuse of common components.
Usage
- Monitoring and/or taking mammals.
- for example. Detection of illegal immigrants hidden in lorry/truck
- Let the driver know about a sudden roadblock caused by a deer
- Locate by smoke and/or fog,
- Search and rescue operations for missing persons especially in forest or water areas.
- Target acquisition and tracking by civil or military aircraft
- Drainage basin temperature monitoring and monitoring of wild game habitats
- Detection of loss or energy consumption, or insulation defects
- for example. in buildings to reduce HVAC energy consumption
- Search the indoor medicine and/or cannabis labs (especially at night).
- Keep an airplane in low visibility (IFR)
- Specifies the ignition source during the fire operation
- Monitor active volcanoes.
- Detect heat in the wrong electrical connection.
- Night driving.
Cost
The cost of thermal imaging equipment in general has fallen dramatically after cheap and fixed infrared portable detectors and systems based on microelectromechanical technology designed and manufactured for commercial, industrial and military applications. Also, the older camera design uses a spinning mirror to scan the image to a small sensor. More modern cameras no longer use this method; simplification helps reduce costs. Incomplete technology available in many EVS products has reduced the cost for a fractional price of older cooling technologies, with similar performance. EVs quickly became mainstream on many fixed wing operators and wings from Cirrus and Cessna aircraft to large business jets.
Police actions
In 2001, the United States Supreme Court ruled that overseeing private ownership (as if to detect the high emission lights used in celestial cannabis farming) using thermal imaging cameras without search warrants by law enforcers violating the Fourth Amendment protection from search and seizures that do not make sense.. Kyllo v. United States, 533 U.S. 27, 121 S.Ct. 2038, 150 L.Ed.2d 94 (2001).
In the verdict R. v. Tessling 2004, the Supreme Court of Canada determined that the use of FLIR air under police surveillance is permitted without the need for a search warrant. The Court determined that the general nature of the data collected by the FLIR did not disclose personal information from the residents and therefore did not violate the rights of Section 8 of Tessling granted under the Charter of Rights and Freedoms (1982). Binnie, J. distinguishes Canadian law in connection with Kyllo's judgment, by agreeing with the Kyllo minority
In June 2014, the Canadian National Air Control Program, a DHC-8M-100 plane mounted with infrared sensors, was instrumental in the search for Justin Bourque, a fugitive who had killed three members of Canada's Mounted Police in Moncton. The crew use an advanced sensing camera to find the Bourque hot signature in the deep bush at midnight.
During the 2015 Baltimore protests, the FBI conducted 10 airborne surveillance missions between April 29 and May 3, which included "infrared and day color, full motion proof FLIR video", according to FBI spokesman Christopher Allen. A FLIR Talon multi-sensor camera system equipped with a casual observer laser for lighting purposes is used to collect data at night. The American Civil Liberties Union expressed concern over the fact that new surveillance technologies are implemented without judicial guidance and public discussion. According to Nathan Wessler, an ACLU lawyer, "this is the dynamics we see again and again when it comes to advances in surveillance.At the time of leaked detail, the program has been firmly planted, and it's all impossible to restore it - and it's very difficult to place restrictions and supervision. "
See also
- Search and trace infrared
- Electro Optical Targeting System
- Night vision
- Thermographic camera
General:
- Supervision
References
External links
- Electro-Optical System
- Thermal Imaging Sensor (Defense Today) [page not found]
- Comparison Chart
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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