Straight edge (sometimes abbreviated sXe or tagged with XXX or X ) is a hardcore punk subculture whose followers hold themselves from the use of alcohol, tobacco and other recreational drugs, in reaction to the excesses of the punk subculture. For some, it is widespread not to have flawless sex, following a vegetarian or vegan diet or not using caffeine or prescription drugs. The term straight edge was adopted from the 1981 song "Straight Edge" by the hardcore punk band Minor Threat.
Straight edge appeared in the midst of hardcore punk scene of the early 1980s. Since then, various beliefs and ideas have been linked to several members of the movement, including vegetarianism and animal rights. Ross Haenfler writes that in the late 1990s, about three out of four straight participants were vegetarians or vegans. While the common aspect expressed from the straight edge subculture is not drinking alcohol, nicotine, and illegal drugs, there are many variations about how far to take the "abstinence from alcoholism" or "drug-free" interpretation. Disagreements often arise because the main reason for living straight. Straight edge politics is primarily left-wing and revolutionary but there is a conservative branch.
In 1999, William Tsitsos wrote that the straight edge has passed three eras since it was founded in the early 1980s. Bent edge begins as a counter-movement to the straight edge by members of the Washington hardcore scene, D.C. which is frustrated by the stiffness and intolerance in the scene. During the younger crew era, which began in the mid-1980s, the influence of music on the straight edge scene was at its all-time high. In the early 1990s, militant straight lines were a well-known part of the wider punk scene. In the early to mid-1990s, straight edge spread from the United States to Northern Europe, Eastern Europe, the Middle East, and South America. In the early 2000s, militant straight-line rogues had left behind wider cultures and broader moves.
Video Straight edge
Histori
1970-an dan awal 1980-an
In the 1970s, punk subculture was associated with the use of intoxictive inhalants, substances such as inhaled aircraft model glue for intoxicating effects. In 1999, William Tsitsos wrote that the straight edge has passed three eras since it was founded in the early 1980s. Then the analyst has identified another era that has occurred since the writings of Tsitsos. The straight edges grew from hardcore punk in the late 1970s and early 1980s, and some were marked by shouting rather than vocals. Individual straight edge in this early era is often associated with genuine punk ideals such as individualism, humiliation for work and school, and a life-to-moment attitude. This movement was influenced by the political and social climate of its origin, around the time of the "Just Say No" campaign and the rise of conservative point of view. The subculture discipline comes from a mixture of leftist radicalism and conservative influence.
Straight edge sentiments can be found in songs by the early 1980s band Minor Threat. This anti-inebriation movement has grown in punk before Minor Threat, but their song "Straight Edge" is very influential in giving the scene a name, and something of a figurhead (somewhat unwilling). Minor Threat frontman Ian MacKaye is often credited with giving birth to the name of straight edge and movement and in later years often talks about how he never intended to be a movement.
The straight edge touch can also be found in the song "Keep it Clean" by the British punk band The Vibrators, and the 1970s Modern Lovers song "I'm Straight" (which rejects drug use). As one of the few hard rock icons of the 1970s explicitly avoiding the use of alcohol and drugs, Ted Nugent is also a major influence on the straight edge ideology.
The straight edge begins on the East Coast of the United States in Washington D.C., and is rapidly spreading throughout the United States and Canada. In the 1980s, bands on the West Coast, such as American Hardcore, Stalag 13, Justice League, and Uniform Choice, became popular. In the early stages of the history of this subculture, concerts often consist of punk bands and straight edge bands. The circumstances soon changed and the early 1980s would eventually be seen as the time "before two separate scenes". The first straight edge bands include Minor Threat, State of Alert, Government Issue, Teen Idles, The Faith, 7 Seconds, SSD, DYS, and Negative FX.
Edge bent
Bent edge begins as a counter-movement to the straight edge by members of the Washington hardcore scene, D.C. which is frustrated by the stiffness and intolerance in the scene. The idea spread, and on the first tour of Minor Threat in 1982, people would come to the band to identify themselves as crooked, crooked, or curved. The repercussions were brief and faded in the late 1990s.
Young crew (mid-1980s)
During the younger crew era, which began in the mid-1980s, the influence of music on the straight edge scene seems to be at an all-time high point. The new branches of the straight edge that emerged during this era seem to stem from the ideas presented in the song, and many of the youth crew had strong heavy metal influences. The famous youth crew includes: Today's Youth, Cookie Biscuits, Judge, Bold, Power Chain, Turning Point, Uniform Options, and Slapshot.
In the mid-1980s, the band of Youth of Today became associated with the straight edge movement, and their song "Youth Crew" expressed a desire to unite the scene into a movement. Vegetarianism became an important theme straight during this era, beginning with the 1988 song "No More", which contains lyrics condemning meat consumption. It catalyzes the trend toward animal rights and veganism in a straight edge movement that will peak in the 1990s.
1990s
In the early 1990s, straight edge became a well-known part of the wider punk and DIY scene and experienced a shift in music and politics. In the early part of this decade, a number of straight-necked bastards and their bands took on vegetarianism and other social justice politics in the mid-1980s and began to more comprehensively advocate for social justice, animal liberation, veganism, and straight edge. During this period, straight edge scenes gave birth to two main branches: a more conservative hardline and the Krishna-influenced Consciousness of religion. While the majority of straight edge and righteous Hare Krishna bastards are pacifist, those affected by hardliners show a willingness to use force to promote their subculture. Musically, the view of the straight edge is more interesting than heavy metal and is the influence of the foundation on metalcore.
Outside the United States
In the early to mid-1990s, straight edge spread from the United States to Northern Europe, Eastern Europe, the Middle East, and South America. It grew up worldwide due to a tireless tour of the youth crew and the ease of ordering recordings from American record labels by mail. Fluff Fest, which has been held in the Czech Republic since 2000 and attracted audiences from across Europe, is linked to the straight edge through the organizers and featuring a prominent straight edge band.
2000s
In the early 2000s, only small groups of left militant individuals remained. Contrary to news reports that portray straight edge as a gang, several studies have shown that overall straight edge individuals are mostly peaceful people. In the 2000s, there was an increasing tolerance for people who did not follow a straight lifestyle by a straight individual. In this straight edge incarnation, the musical styles of the bands involved are more varied, ranging from the style of awakening of the young crew to metalcore to posicore. Straight edge bands from the 2000s included Champion, Down to Nothing, Embrace Today, Have Heart, and Throwdown.
Maps Straight edge
Ideology
In the early stages of the straight edge, his philosophy is to rebel through self-control. With the ability to control one's actions will be more suited to them against the mainstream. The first wave of straight edge does not impose rules on others, on the contrary the participants choose to follow the ways of self-control. With a straight wave these two rules are used to control others. In addition, the second wave undergoes a change in the style of music. Where the first wave is affected by hardcore punk, the latter carries the heavy metal aspect which further encourages power and control over others. The slowing of music reflects the individual's focus on their journey of self-control.
Approach
While some straight edge groups are treated as "gangs" by law enforcement officers, a 2006 study found that most people who identify as straight edge are nonviolent. While Washington's early punk hardcore punk scene, D.C. often praised for his commitment to positive social change, both the youth movement in the 1980s and the vegan movement of the 1990s have drawn criticism. Straight edge is often approached with skepticism and hostility, though ideologically less dogmatic and a more multifaceted character than a contemporary straight edge.
X symbol
The letter X is the most recognizable straight edge symbol, and is sometimes used as a mark on the back of both hands, although it can be displayed on other body parts as well. Some followers of straight edge also include symbols into clothing and pins. According to a series of interviews by journalist Michael Azerrad, the straight edge X can be traced to a short West Coast Youth tour in 1980. The band members are scheduled to play at San Francisco's Mabuhay Gardens, but when they arrive, the club's management finds that they are all under the drinking age which is legal and will be denied entry to the club. As a compromise, management marked each member's hand with a large black X as a warning to club staff not to present alcohol to the band.
Upon returning to Washington, D.C., the band suggested this same system to local clubs as a means to allow teenagers to watch musical performances without serving alcohol. The Teen Idles released a record in 1980 called Minor Disturbance with a cover shot into two hands with a black X on the back. The sign is immediately associated with a straight lifestyle. It can also be used by drinking companies to record protectors as under the age of drinking, regardless of their views on drugs and alcohol.
Then the band uses X symbols on album covers and other fixtures in various ways. The No Apologies cover by Judge shows two crossed hammers in the X formation. Other objects that have been used include shovels, baseball bats, and hockey sticks. Variations involving trio Xs are often used in leaflets and tattoos. It can also be ironic, based on the fact that three Xs â € <â €
Veganism
In the late 1990s, many straight-edge participants gave the same level of veganism as a taboo of liquor, and some groups organized themselves "vegan straight edge", sometimes abbreviated as "xVx". Bands like Earth Crisis and Reich Vegan emphasize animal rights and environmentalism as a matter of social justice. Perhaps because of the "DIY" ethics of the punk subculture, some direct actions advocate, and become associated with the radical group of the Front Liberation Front and Earth Liberation Front. The California Vegan Reich band is closely associated with the "Hardline" subculture, which supports the sanctity of life, and draws links between animal rights and anti-abortion activism. Members of the Hardline movement have been described as adhering to the spirituality, militancy, and violence in the Old Testament. Malignant activism has been described as an "extreme minority" in the vegan straight edge movement.
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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