MÃÆ'¤Â The Digital Clk is one of the previous digital model train control systems. It is a comprehensive system including a locomotive decoder (based on Motorola chip), central control (MÃÆ'¤kklin 6020/6021), computer interface (MÃÆ'¤rklin 6050), decoder selector (MÃÆ'¤rklin 6083), digital relay (MÃÆ' ¤rklin 6084) and feedback module (MÃÆ'¤kklin s88/6088). The initial system was presented at the 1979 NÃÆ'¼rnberg International Toy Fair, which was released in Europe in 1985 and the United States in 1986 under the name Digital H0 .
Video Märklin Digital
Operation
Conventional analogue controls on model railways work by varying the strength of the track and each locomotive on the track responds by running at speeds that are approximately proportional to power. For some railway lines it should have a switch to isolate the train standing there and leave a dead trail. For some controllers, the layout should be split into several isolated parts with each other and each with its own controller and current supply. All accessories such as signal and turnout require individual switches and cables, making the cables very complex.
With a good analog control system from the locomotive requires knowledge of individual characteristics; gradients and curves require constant adjustment and low speed runs are both difficult and tend to gain time. Any railroad illumination will vary in intensity with power and be switched off when the locomotive is stopped.
The digital control supplies constant power to the track with power diverted several times per second to provide the data "bits" (0 and 1) required for control (such digital power instead of DC or AC). Each locomotive must be equipped with a set of decoders that will interpret instructions and individually control the motor. Each decoder has its own address, the instructions sent from the controller have the corresponding address so while each active decoder will receive the instruction only the addressed decoder will respond. Once the locomotive is running it will continue and even with one controller several trains can run.
Many locomotives may be on track and individually controlled. Train lighting will always be full, even when the locomotive is stopped. Signals and turnouts can also be provided with decoders and digitally controlled. Conceptually, the entire layout can be controlled from just two wires to the track, but in practice some baits will be required and the power for the track is usually separated from power to accessory.
The final step for ideal running is the development of motor regulation or speed control (often called misleading "load control"). Motor locomotives are controlled using pulse-width modulation which provides much better regulation than conventional analog controls. Additionally, by utilizing the full available track power, the decoder can use motor feedback and constant adjustment to maintain a steady pace regardless of train load or track gradient. Combined with braking and artificial inertia this decoder delivers smooth and precise speed with reliable slow speed control.
A number of different digital systems are developed, but MÃÆ'¤Cklin Digital and DCC (Digital Command Control) are the two main systems in the market. The system is electrically compatible and some controllers can simultaneously control both types of decoders. MÃÆ'¤rklin offers versions of their original digital systems for 2-rail users.
Maps Märklin Digital
MÃÆ'¤¤kklin Digital
MÃÆ'¤kklin first presented a new digital control system at the NÃÆ'¼rnberg Toy Fair in 1979. The Motorola-based system was officially introduced in 1985, developed by a relatively unknown electronic contractor with most components built by MÃÆ'¤kklin. In subsequent years, another contractor, Bernd Lenz, will also work on a system that produces the locomotive decoder and, later, the first DC command control offer of MÃÆ'¤kklin. This first DC offer was later developed into what is now known as the Digital Command Control (DCC).
The new Digital MÃÆ'¤kklin System offers simultaneous controls of up to 80 locomotives and 256 accessories. 14 steps locomotive speed (stops 0 and 1 - 14) are provided and "Function" accessories are used for front and rear lights or TELEX remote rearlings.
Electronics at that time was relatively expensive and the system used ternary logic to reduce the number of components and cost of the device. The initial decoder costs as much as the locomotive model and the cost of upgrading the existing layout is considerable.
Controller
The original 6020 Central unit provides track & amp; locomotive orders are generated but require a separate 6035 locomotive. Control 80 with speed controller, keypad for decoder address, Function/Off button, and Start/Stop button to change tracking power. The red Stop button is given as an emergency stop to immediately stop all trains. The two-digit display shows the address of the selected locomotive (01 - 80). Solenoid devices, such as turnouts, are controlled by the Keyboard 6040. Up to ten controllers can be added to the right side of the Central Unit, and up to 16 keyboards can be added to the left side, with each keyboard controlling 16 accessories (signal, turnouts, lights, etc.) for a total of 256. For large layout 6016 Booster and Their own power supply will provide additional strength for additional layout sections with all Booster connected to the Central Unit by ribbon cable.
The next accessory is Memory 6043, which is used to divert a predetermined route each with multiple turnouts & amp; signal. 6043 can store up to 24 different routes, each route containing up to 20 individual device commands. The 20th command in a single route memory can be used to link to other route buttons, so there may be a large number of individual commands enforced by pressing a button. In addition, the Feedback Module 6088 s88 can be used in conjunction with 6043. S88 will receive input signal from external button or magnetic reed switch and then start the command string in 6043 Memory. So, the approaching train can set its own route, for example. Another accessory is the 6050 Computer Interface that allows computer-controlled systems, allowing fully automatic train control.
Decoder
The first c80 (6080) decoder did not have a motor setting (speed control) and the introduction of the c90 (6090) decoder in 1991 with regulation and 5-pole DC motors bringing the system into adulthood. The decoder has a miniature switch (DIP switch) to set the address and the c90 decoder has two potentiometers to adjust the acceleration/delay ("intertia") and maximum speed, requiring the use of tools to open the model and make changes to the settings.
Accessories Decoder
Signals, turnouts, uncouplers, lights, and other static accessories can also be equipped with a decoder that has its own address range of up to 256 devices being routed. Depending on the decoder, either continuous (lighting) or momentary power (signal, uncoupler, turnout) is provided. The K83 decoder is for solenoid (instantaneous) accessory and K84 for continuous (continuous) accessory accessories, each controlling up to 4 devices.
MÃÆ'¤kklin Digital (new)
In 1993 the upgrade to the original system introduced an increase to locomotive control:
- Additional four F1-F4 enabled functions
- Absolute direction control with directions sent as part of the speed command
This change is fully compatible with previous locomotive decoders so that each controller is able to control any type of locomotive decoder (some of the previously developed special-function decoders are not compatible with revised protocols, 6021 control units can be set to send only old protocols).
Direction control is absolutely essential for a computer-controlled layout so that, once turned off, the locomotive will restart in a pre-controlled direction. Old locomotives equipped with older c90 decoders will always restart forward after power off, regardless of the previously controlled direction.
Controller
New combined control unit 6021 & amp; control of the locomotive with additional function keys. Miniature switches set the mode of operation (old or new protocol) and reduce the path voltage for the shunting area.
The new 80f control allows additional locomotive controllers to be plugged into the right side of the 6021, another module as before.
Decoder
The 1997 decoder c91 (60901) provides additional F1 - F4 output functions, 27 speed steps (stops 0 and 1 - 27), and enhanced motor settings. Although the new decoder has 27 speed steps, the existing controller can only send 14 and the decoder will increase the strange steps and go down even the steps make all 27 steps accessible.
Extra functionality is allowed for other features such as lighting and additional sound. While the small size of speakers that can be plugged into locomotive H0 restricts reproduction, built in sound has become a feature of many models. Adjustment of tools required new decoder, as before. "Functions" most commonly used for locomotive headlights, F1 & amp; F2 is usually used for other power functions such as smoke or additional lighting units. F3, when available, is generally used for sound, and F4 is usually used to disable artificial inertia for proper control, especially when shunting.
This decoder is now set to "fx" to distinguish it from the previous decoder which has no additional switch function.
Decoder function
The functional decoder without motor control can also be fitted to the carriage providing 5 functions enabled to control railroad lighting and other additional features. They can also be mounted to locomotives that do not have an additional switch function (ie locomotives equipped with c90). Decoder functions require their own address of 80 addresses available for locomotives (addresses can be shared with other decoders that have no additional functionality). MÃÆ'¤rklin has offered some special models with additional functionality for the original digital system, but a separate function decoder is only available with an enhanced system.
DELTA
The simplified system is intended to attract beginners and delay with the huge cost of digital systems, DELTA offers controls for up to four locomotives simultaneously. The DELTA decoder does not have motor regulation and initially has no easy way of changing the address. DELTA has now been discontinued, digital amperage & amperage simplified. decoder offered instead (Mobile Station & 36xxx series locomotive).
The initial DELTA controller does not have the Function/Off and c80 buttons The digital models running on DELTA have Functions permanently affecting such models that come with TELEX remote couplers. the c90 model that runs in DELTA has Function permanently off.
MÃÆ'¤kklin Digital (mfx)
In 2004 a completely new digital control of MÃÆ'¤kklin Systems was introduced. The new two-way protocol can control up to 65,000 digital devices, each locomotive can have up to 128 speed steps and 16 functions. Developed by ESU with all components originally created by them for MÃÆ'¤rklin, then the name "MÃÆ'¤rklin Systems" was dropped and again this system was known as "MÃÆ'¤kklin Digital".
Introduced in 2013, the expanded digital mfx control system provides additional locomotive parameters and allows feedback with mfx equipped locomotives. The virtual fuel state of each mfx equipped with locomotives can be set and monitored. For steam locomotives, additional parameters such as boiler pressure and fire status can be set, monitored and controlled. Finally, the locomotive must return to the refueling point for charging (feedback module indicates the refueling point). The signal can also be equipped with a feedback module, which requires recognition by the operator as the train passes, just as in real operations.
The new controller software provides a locomotive cabin view to allow control of all parameters. It provides a simulated display of the computer's locomotive while controlling the model.
Controller
Central Station 60212 has two locomotive controllers built and a large monochrome LCD display with graphical display and descriptive name for locomotive. The controller stores the database of pre-mfx digital locomotives with their functions so they can be easily set (mfx decoders send their own available functions to the controller). The new protocol is incompatible with the previous version, but the Central Station can be set to send protocols to any decoder so that older locomotives can be controlled alongside locomotives equipped with mfx. Central Station combines all the functions of keyboard, memory, and previous interface modules and is capable of controlling up to 8 automatic point to point shuttles.
Hand held Mobile Station 60652 is also offered which has a single locomotive controller, a small LCD screen, and 9 function keys. This unit can be used alone as a low cost digital controller with up to ten locomotives in its own database or plugged into the Central Station as an additional controller.
In 2008, MÃÆ'¤rklin announced the new second generation 60213 Main Station with its color display and enhanced features, the unit was developed by different contractors. The Central Station was numbered back to 60214 a few months later, with a capability of over 60213. In 2009 a software update for CS2 was announced which, among other improvements, added support for the DCC NMRA protocol.
Also in 2009, a new 60653 Cellular Station was announced, completely redesigned with many more features than the previous model. As before, the new Mobile Station can be used alone or as an additional controller with the new Central Station.
In 2016 Central Station 3 was announced. The main change is a new touch screen that replaces all function keys with options on the screen. Only two speed controllers and an emergency stop blade remain as separate controls. Central Station 3 adds the ability to act as a master unit in a multi-controller setting.
Decoder
Decoder specified mfx and can communicate with controller, dynamically negotiated individual address and forward locomotive description and all functions available to controller. All control parameters are stored by the decoder in the firmware and adjusted using a controller or computer. The mfx decoder can also interpret the older Motorola formats and will work with the previous central unit.
Initial Problems
MÃÆ'¤rklin encountered compatibility issues with the first Central Station (CS1) which led to extensive recalls and reconstructions that resulted in CS1 V2. While some important components, especially booster compatible with MFC, are not available. Finally the 60173 amplifier becomes available for use with the mfx system.
ESU, the original developer of CS1, generates a V3 software update. It has many enhancements offered by CS2, including track layout view to control signals and turnouts, and a large cabin locomotive control display.
Model numbering
From the 1950s the MÃÆ'¤rklin model had four digit numbers, the first two being the group and the last two individual models. Locomotives equipped with original digital c80 decoder are numbered 36xx (36 followed by two digits eg 3615) and the first model is equipped with a 37X c90 decoder (eg 3702). In 1997, MÃÆ'¤kklin had to extend its numbering into five digits 37xxx and some new models equipped with c90 were numbered five digits before the c91 decoder was installed on all subsequent models. The new 36xxx model is a budget model equipped with a low cost digital decoder that has no motor regulation.
When MÃÆ'¤rklin introduced a specially developed C-Sine motorcycle in 2000, this model was numbered 39xxx, some also manufactured as 37xxx.
H0 digital enhancement
MÃÆ'¤kklin offers many different decoders and kits to upgrade analog locomotives to digital controls. The digital decoder is the base and many kits also include a permanent magnet and 5 armature poles to upgrade the motor and convert it to DC (the decoder fixes the DC to motor currents and any accessories, such as lighting or sound). For years, unlike Digital Command Control, MÃÆ'¤kklin does not use plug connectors for decoders and therefore the conversion involves solder output cable.
Most decoders also provide motor settings (speed control) with adjustments for acceleration & amp; braking delays (artificial inertia) and maximum speed. The DELTA decoder never gives the motor settings and must initially be set to resolve 0 for analog operation. The mfx decoder provides many additional motor control parameters, all adjusted using the main controller (Central Station) or computer.
The MÃÆ'¤rklin locomotive has several types of motors and many upgrades for certain versions.
First generation conversion package
- 6080 Decoder for all AC locomotives. No motor setting, 14 speed steps, 1 function activated.
- 6081 Decoder for all DC locomotives. No motor setting, 14 speed steps, 1 activated function (part of original MÃÆ'¤kklin Digital offer for DC operation).
- 6090 Converting kit for AC motor gear motor commutator (DCM), including motor enhancement components. Motor settings with adjustable parameters, 14 speed steps, 1 activated function.
- 60901 Conversion kit for AC motor gear motor commutator (DCM), including motor enhancement components. Motor settings with adjustable parameters, 28 speed steps, 5 activated functions.
- 60902 Decoder upgrade for 6090 digital models. Motor settings with adjustable parameters, 28 speed steps, 5 activated functions.
- 60903 Conversion kits for smaller flat-commuter motocycle (SFCM) flat motors, including motor upgrades components. Motor settings with adjustable parameters, 28 speed steps, 5 activated functions.
- 60904 Conversion kits for older larger flat-flat AC commuter (LFCM) motors, including upgraded motor components. Motor settings with adjustable parameters, 28 speed steps, 5 activated functions.
- 60905 Decoder for Faulhaber motorcycle locomotive. Motor settings with adjustable parameters, 28 speed steps, 5 activated functions.
- 60960 Decoder function for locomotive, carriage, or accessory. No motor control, 5 functions enabled.
- 60961 Decoder function for locomotive, with change of direction of main function. No motor control, 5 functions enabled.
- 60760 Conversion kits for AC commuter motor locomotives (DCM), including motor upgrades components. Motor adjustment with adjustable parameters, 28 speed steps, 1 activated function (later enhanced low cost is offered after the introduction of mfx This decoder can be programmed by the controller so it does not require any tool to change parameters).
DELTA conversion kit
- 6603 Decoder DELTA Original, change address with solder pad, then with DIP switch, with 4 addresses. 14 speed steps, no functionality is enabled.
- decoder 66031 DELTA, change the address with DIP switch with 4 addresses. 28 speed steps, 1 function activated.
- 66032 DELTA decoder, address change with DIP switch with 80 addresses and automatic mode detection (digital/analog). 28 speed steps, 1 function activated.
conversion kit mfx
All mfx decoders provide motor settings with 128 speed steps and some customizable parameters, plus 16 activated functions. All can be programmed by Central Station, tools are not required to change parameters.
- 60921 Conversion kit for AC motor gear motor commutator (DCM), including motor enhancement components.
- 60922 Decoders for ac motor commutator motor (DCM) AC, specifically for improving existing digital models.
- 60923 Conversion package for flat, flat commuter flat (ACC) flat AC motors, including motor boost components.
- 60924 Conversions for flat, flat flatbed flat-bottom (LFCM) flat-comma motors, including motor boost components.
- 60931 Decoder updates for existing digital locomotives 6090, 60901, 60903, 60904, with speakers and sounds for steam locomotives.
- 60932 Decoder updates for existing digital locomotives 6090, 60901, 60903, 60904, with speakers and sounds for diesel locomotives.
- 60933 Updating the set-top box for existing digital locomotives 6090, 60901, 60903, 60904, with speakers and sound for electric locomotives.
mLD and mSD, mLD/3 conversion kits (MÃÆ'¤kklin LokDekoder) and mSD/3 (MÃÆ'¤rklin SoundDekoder)
In 2015 MÃÆ'¤rklin released a new series of retrofit decoders built on 32 bit architecture, compared to 8 bits from the previous generation. The mLD/mSD generation is faster, has more memory, including 64 Mb of memory provided for voice data, as well as enhanced voice processing. With a speed of 4096 steps for the motor, and self calibration, motor characteristics, especially at low speed, are improved. Along with this decoder, MÃÆ'¤rklin released 60971 mDP/3, (MÃÆ'¤kklin Dekoder Programmer), USB device that allows for easy parameter programming of the mLD/mSD decoder as well as adjust the sound and image. Firmware decoder can be updated. The associated software, mDT (MÃÆ'¤kklin Dekoder Tool) is adapted for the Windows platform.
The decoder update kits are not suitable for motors with older field-field windings. Locomotives with these motors must be converted with an appropriate motor retrofit kit, item number 60941, 60943, or 60944. The decoder can be operated with 6020, 6021, Mobile Station and Central Station controllers and can be programmed with MM, mfx, and DCC protocols
Retrofit kits come in 3 different formats. All mSD3 kits come with 2 speaker options, small and large, except for 60978 and 60979, including one speaker.
To upgrade to fixed circuit board with 21 pin decoder interface.
- 60972, mLD3, circuit board with solder on cable for locomotive side and male 21 pin connector for decoder included.
- 60975, mSD3, (Steam) circuit board with soldered on cable for locomotive side and male 21 pin connector for decoder included
- 60976, mSD3, (Diesel) circuit board with soldered on cable for locomotive side and male 21 pin connector for decoder included
- 60977, mSD3, (Electrical) circuit board with soldered on cable for locomotive side and 21 pin male connector for decoder included
For upgrades of the 36xxx series MÃÆ'¤rklin/Trix fixed circuit locomotive boards with LED lights.
- 60978, mSD3, 21 pin connector for decoder supplied with Diesel sound already loaded.
- 60979, mSD3, 21 pin connector for decoder supplied with Electrical noise already loaded.
For use with 8 pin connectors in the locomotive
- 60982, mld3 decoder with soldered on cable for locomotive side. Male 8 pin connector included.
- 60985, mSD3 decoder (Steam) with soldered on cable for locomotive side. Male 8 pin connector included. Separate cable for included speaker connection
- 60986, mSD3 decoder (Diesel) with soldered on cable for locomotive side. Male 8 pin connector included. Separate cable for included speaker connection
- 60987, mSD3 (Electrical) decoder with soldered on cable for locomotive side. Male 8 pin connector included. Separate cable for included speaker connection
Upgrade digital meter Maxi 1
Maxi locomotive is always equipped with a DELTA drawing decoder, upgrade only means the exchange decoder.
- 60955 Decoder update for locomotive Maxi. Motor setting with 28 step speed and adjustable parameters, 5 activated functions.
See also
- Digital Command Control
References
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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